What is a Mandibular Nerve Block?
A mandibular nerve block is a technique of local anaesthesia that numbs the lower teeth, gums, and lower jaw (Mandible). This type of anaesthesia is commonly used in dental procedures such as tooth extractions, root canal treatment (RCT), and dental implant surgery to reduce pain and discomfort for patients.
This nerve block is named after the mandibular nerve, which is a third branch of the trigeminal nerve. The trigeminal nerve is responsible for sensation in the face and is one of the largest nerves in the head. The mandibular nerve supplies sensation to the lower teeth, gums, jaw, and tongue.
How is a Mandibular Nerve Block Performed?
Before performing a nerve block, the dentist will conduct a thorough examination to determine the best course of action. This includes assessing the patient’s medical history, allergies, and any medications they may be taking.
The dentist will then apply a topical anaesthetic to the area where the injection will be given. This helps to numb the skin and reduce discomfort during the injection.
Next, the dentist will use a syringe to inject a local anaesthetic agent into the area around the mandibular nerve. This is typically done on the inside of the mouth, near the back of the jaw. The injection may cause a brief, sharp pain, but this is quickly replaced by a numb sensation.
Once the local anaesthetic has taken effect, the dentist can begin the treatment. The nerve block typically lasts for several hours, usually 2-4 hours, providing enough time for most dental procedures to be completed.
How Mandibular Nerve Block Works
- During a nerve block, a local anaesthetic is injected into the area surrounding the mandibular nerve, usually just in front of the ear.
- The anaesthetic blocks the transmission of nerve signals from the mandibular nerve to the brain, effectively numbing the lower jaw, teeth, and surrounding tissues.
- This type of anaesthesia is commonly used in dentistry and oral surgery, as well as for managing chronic facial pain or providing anaesthesia for certain types of facial surgery.
- Risks and potential side effects of nerve block include bleeding, infection, nerve damage, and allergic reactions to the anaesthetic.
- When performed correctly by a trained healthcare professional, the procedure is generally safe and effective for providing localized anaesthesia in the lower face and jaw.
What to Expect During and After a Mandibular Nerve Block:
During the nerve block, patients may feel a brief, sharp pain when the injection is given. This pain is usually minimal and only lasts for a few seconds.
After the injection, patients will experience numbness in the lower teeth, gums, jaw, and tongue. This numbness can last for several hours after the procedure, and patients should be careful not to bite their tongue or cheek while numb.
After the numbness wears off, patients may experience some discomfort, swelling, or bruising at the injection site. This is normal and can be managed with over-the-counter pain medication and ice packs.
In rare cases, patients may experience side effects such as an allergic reaction to the anaesthetic, infection at the injection site, or damage to the nerve. However, these complications are rare, and most patients do not experience any serious side effects.
Types of Local Anesthetics Used in Mandibular Nerve Block:
The local anaesthetic used in a nerve block is typicallylidocaine, which is a fast-acting and long-lasting anaesthetic. However, other types of local anaesthetics such as bupivacaine or articaine may also be used, depending on the patient’s needs.
Technique for the Injection:
There are two common techniques for giving a nerve block:
Gow-Gates technique:
In this technique, the anaesthetic is injected into the tissue above the mandibular foramen, which is the opening in the jawbone where the mandibular nerve enters. This technique provides more complete anaesthesia of the lower jaw, teeth, and gums than other techniques.
Akinosi technique:
This technique involves inserting the needle through the cheek and injecting the anaesthetic near the mandibular nerve. This technique is often preferred for patients with a smaller mouth opening or those who have difficulty opening their mouth wide.
Duration of the Mandibular Nerve Block:
The duration of the nerve block can vary depending on the type and amount of anaesthetic used. Typically, the numbness will last between 2-4 hours. However, some patients may experience numbness for up to 8 hours or more. It’s essential to follow your dentist’s instructions regarding aftercare, as you should avoid eating or drinking until the numbness has worn off completely to avoid accidental injury to your mouth.
Who is a Candidate for a Mandibular Nerve Block:
A nerve block can be used in almost anyone, but some patients may not be candidates for the procedure. For example, patients who areallergic to local anaesthetics, have a bleeding disorder, or have an infection in the area where the injection is needed may not be able to receive a mandibular nerve block. Additionally, patients with certain medical conditions or who take certain medications may need to be evaluated before receiving a nerve block.
Endnote
If you have any questions or concerns about a nerve block or any other medical procedure, it’s always best to speak with a qualified healthcare professional. They can provide you with personalized information and advice based on your individual needs and medical history.
FAQ
Q: What is a mandibular nerve block?
A: It is a type of local anaesthesia used to numb the lower jaw and teeth for dental procedures.
Q: How is a mandibular nerve block administered?
A: The anaesthetic is injected near the mandibular nerve, which is located near the back of the jawbone.
Q: What are the indications for a mandibular nerve block?
A: It is used for dental procedures such as extractions, root canals, and periodontal surgery.
Q: What are the contraindications for a mandibular nerve block?
A: Allergy to local anaesthesia, infection at the injection site, and bleeding disorders.
Q: What are the potential complications of a mandibular nerve block?
A: Nerve damage, infection, bleeding, and allergic reactions.
Q: How long does the anaesthesia from a mandibular nerve block last?
A: The duration of anaesthesia varies but usually lasts for several hours.
Q: Is a mandibular nerve block painful?
A: There may be some discomfort during the injection but the area should be numb during the procedure.
Q: Can a mandibular nerve block be used for chronic pain?
A: Yes, it can be used for certain types of chronic facial pain.
Q: How long does it take to recover from a mandibular nerve block?
A: Recovery is quick and the patient can usually resume normal activities immediately.
Q: Who can perform a mandibular nerve block?
A: A trained healthcare professional such as a dentist or oral surgeon can perform the procedure.
Read more:
- Local Anesthesia – Action, theories, classification and composition
- Wisdom Tooth Extraction – Procedure and Home Care
- Tooth extraction aftercare: Timeline and guide