Lingual tori, also known as Torus mandibularis, are fascinating anatomical variations. They can surprise many patients during a routine dental exam. Though often benign, they can raise concerns due to their unusual appearance or discomfort they might cause.
What Are Lingual Tori?
Lingual tori (singular: torus) are bony growths on the mandible’s inner side, near the tongue. These growths typically occur along the premolar region. They can appear on either or both sides of the mouth. They are covered by normal mucosa. They are considered a form of exostosis, which is the formation of new bone on the surface of existing bone.
Characteristics of Lingual Tori
- Non-cancerous
- Often symmetrical (on both sides of the jaw)
- Hard to the touch
- Appearance: Smooth, rounded, or lobulated hard masses under the mucosa.
- Size: Small, barely noticeable nodules can range to larger, more prominent growths.
- Location: Inner side of the lower jaw, often bilaterally symmetrical.
- Growth: Lingual tori grow slowly and typically stabilize after a certain size.
Causes and Risk Factors
The exact cause of lingual Tori is not definitively known. While several factors are believed to contribute:
- Genetic Predisposition
- Lingual tori often run in families, suggesting a genetic component.
- Bruxism (Teeth Grinding)
- Repeated stress and pressure on the jawbone may stimulate excessive bone growth.
- Masticatory Stress
- High levels of chewing force over time can contribute to the development of tori.
- Age and Ethnicity
- It is more common in adults, particularly middle-aged individuals.
- Prevalence is higher in certain populations, such as those of Asian and Inuit descent.
Symptoms of Lingual Tori
Lingual tori are often asymptomatic, meaning they don’t cause noticeable problems. However, in some cases, individuals may experience:
- Irritation: If the mucosa covering the tori becomes ulcerated or injured.
- Discomfort: Especially if the tori are large or interfere with tongue movement.
- Speech or Eating Difficulties: Rare, but may occur if tori are significantly large.
- Difficulty with Dental Appliances: Such as dentures, which may not fit properly.
Diagnosis
Diagnosing lingual tori is straightforward and typically occurs during a routine dental examination. Dentists may perform the following:
- Visual Inspection: Noting the location, size, and shape of the growth.
- Palpation: Feeling the hard bony structure under the mucosa.
- Imaging: X-rays or CT scans may be used to confirm the diagnosis and assess the extent of the growth.
Lingual tori should not be confused with pathological conditions such as tumors, cysts, or other growths. Proper evaluation ensures accurate diagnosis.
Treatment Options
In most cases, lingual tori do not require treatment. However, intervention may be necessary if they cause discomfort, interfere with oral function, or complicate dental procedures.
1. Observation
- Regular monitoring to ensure there are no significant changes.
2. Surgical Removal (Tori Reduction)
- Indicated if the tori:
- Cause persistent discomfort or ulceration.
- Hinder the fit of dental appliances, such as dentures.
- Impair speech or eating.
- Procedure: Performed under local anesthesia; excess bone is removed, and the area is smoothed.
3. Management of Symptoms
- For minor irritation, protective dental wax or padding may be used.
Complications
While lingual tori are typically harmless, the following complications can arise:
- Ulceration: Due to trauma from sharp foods or dental appliances.
- Infection: Rare but possible if the mucosa becomes damaged.
- Interference with Dental Treatments: Difficulty fitting dentures or performing surgeries in the region.
FAQs About Lingual Tori
1. Are lingual tori dangerous?
No, lingual tori are benign and not cancerous.
2. Can lingual tori grow over time?
Yes, they can grow slowly, but they usually stabilize at a certain size.
3. Do lingual tori go away on their own?
No, once formed, lingual tori do not regress naturally.
4. Is surgery for lingual tori painful?
Surgical removal is typically painless due to local anesthesia. Postoperative discomfort can be managed with medication.
5. Can I prevent lingual tori?
There is no guaranteed prevention, but managing factors like bruxism and masticatory stress may help.
Interesting Facts
- Lingual tori are more common in adults and rarely seen in children.
- Despite being a common condition, many people with lingual tori remain unaware of them until pointed out by a dentist.
When to See a Dentist
If you notice unusual bony growths in your mouth, consult your dentist for evaluation. Regular dental check-ups are essential to monitor any changes and address concerns.
Final Thoughts
Lingual tori are a common, benign anatomical variation that often requires no treatment. However, their presence highlights the importance of regular dental visits. Early detection of unusual oral conditions can help ensure optimal oral health. If you experience discomfort from lingual tori, contact your dentist. They can help you explore management options tailored to your needs.